Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53 has been Described as a Truly Essay

Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53 has been Described as a Truly Ground-breaking Case in Relation to Cohabitant Purchaser - Essay Example The landmark ruling by Supreme Court laid down paradigms applicable to home ownership by unmarried cohabitant couples. Discussion Facts and Decisions of the Case Leonard Kernott and Patricia Jones started cohabiting in 1983 and had two children. They purchased a family home in joint names at 39 Badger Hall Avenue for ? 30,000 in 1984. The couple lived in this home for around eleven years (Pawlowski 2012). Upon separation of the two in October 1993, Kernott deserted their family home, while the claimant stayed with children in the house. Jones did not apply for Child Support Agency. Kernott quit making mortgage contribution for the property and demonstrated little commitment towards maintaining their two children. Their joint effort in selling the property for ? 70,000 in October 1995 was unsuccessful. The parties, however, cashed in on mutually owned insurance policy, of which the proceeds were shared equally. Kernott used his share to mortgage a house at 114 Stanley Road in Essex fo r around ? 57,000. Jones used her share to perform cosmetic surgery. Kernott invoked correspondence in order to claim his share of property at 39 Badger Hall Avenue. In 2007, Jones filed lawsuit against Kernott’s claim for joint share of the property (Mee 2012). Jones claimed that Kernott’s purchase of property at 114 Stanley Road was an indication of change in his intention for joint tenancy over the house. Ms. Jones sought quantification of their respective property interests. The claimant sought greater share of the property. The court ruling by Judge Dedman was that Jones merited 90 % of property ownership. Nicholas Strauss QC, a deputy judge of the High Court, approved the decision on appeal by the defendant (Pawlowski 2012). Further appeal by Kernott led to overturning of the Strauss’s decision on majority voting by the Court of Appeal. The decision was that the parties were entitled to equal share of property at 39 Badger Hall Avenue. This was based on fi nding that the intention of the parties was unchanged. Jones had filed an appeal to Supreme Court, which led to restoration of Strauss’s decision (Yip 2012; Mee 2012). The lordship of the Supreme Court gave mixed opinion as to whether property evaluations were to be approached from inference perspective or imputation of intentions of the parties. The ruling by Supreme Court Judges, Lord Walker and Lady Hale, was based on the premise that the parties had formed mutual purpose for beneficial ownership of the property. The decision was based on the premise that Kernott’s purchase of new home for himself was a demonstration of his change of plan. The logical inference was that Kernott’s lack of commitment for paying mortgage for the property at Badger Hall Avenue was manifested at his purchase of another home. Just like Jone’s would have exclusive benefit of capital gain in her home at Badger Hall Avenue, so would Kernott’s have exclusive benefit of ca pital gain at Stanley Road (Mee 2012). Nevertheless, Lords Kerr and Wilson felt that the parties’ intentions should be imputed to ownership of 90:10. Lord Collins stance was unclear concerning imputation and inference of intention (Yip 2012). Lord Wilson argued that it was logical inference that the parties shared intention with regard to secondary issue of quantification. Wilson preferred to approach the matter from

Role of Emotional Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Role of Emotional Intelligence Essay Summary: This article discusses the correlation of a leaders Emotional Intelligence (â€Å"the ability to understand and manage moods and emotions in the self and others†) (George) and how it plays a role in how effective that manager is. The author first relates how emotions, moods and feelings play a part in how humans deal with each other on a day to day basis. Ms. George points out that positive moods and emotions can have a positive effect on how we deal with life, and on the flip side how negative moods and emotions can have the opposite effect in our social and work lives. She states that â€Å"Feelings are intimately connected to the human experience. Feelings are intricately bound up in the ways that people think, behave, and make decisions.† Many people with the inability to show emotion find life difficult as even the smallest decisions are hard to make with no gage of how others may react or â€Å"feel† about your choices. The article is not so much about how leaders behave but more so how effective that behavior is in understanding their own and others emotions and moods. The author states there are four different attributes of one’s emotional intelligence; the appraisal and expression of emotion; the use of emotion to enhance cognitive processes an decision making; knowledge about emotions; and the management of emotions. The article explores each of these attributes and how having these skills can be useful to a leader in dealing with their peers and subordinates. In all the article points to evidence that good leaders also have a higher emotional intelligence (whether they are born with it or whether they learn it). It does not state that EI is the only determining factor when comparing a good leader only that studies show that there is a correlation. Behavioral Issue: The behavioral issue is how one can use their knowledge of moods and emotions to shape the way they and others react to any given situation. Emotional intelligence in leaders can therefore bring forth the desired results of the organization that they work for. The four different attributes of EI can be used to utilize leaders and those that they lead.  Leaders with EI can use the attribute of appraisal and expression of emotion, which â€Å"ensures that people are able to effectively communicate with others to meet their needs and accomplish their goals or objectives.† A leader who uses the knowledge of emotion, will understand what determines what a person’s mood might be (such as knowing that delivering bad news will probably bring on a bad mood) and what the consequences of these moods might be (moods may linger for some time increasing negative attitudes and poor results of the sought after goal). A manager with good EI skills can help enhance â€Å"cognitive processes and decision making† skills of others. If a leader can predict or imagine what the reaction of someone else could be given two different actions will have the ability to make a decision as to which action to go with to bring out the desired result for his company. A leader who can manage his own feelings may well be able to manage or evoke desired emotions from others (getting his team motivated and excited about a new project) and this can be instrumental in meeting deadlines and the projected goals of his team. In short, emotional intelligence can be very useful to a manager who is trying to be an effective leader. Opinion: In my opinion I think the article touches on a very interesting subject. I believe the idea of emotional intelligence is integral to one being an effective manager. This article states many instances when the ability to determine and understand your own feelings, emotions and moods as well as that of others can in effect shape the mood and actions of others. â€Å"Truly effective leaders are also distinguished by a high degree of emotional intelligence, which includes self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill.† (Goleman, 2004) I have personally known managers who display good EI (one who seemed to know how to always motivate me to do the best job possible no matter how lowly the task) and those who are most definitely lacking in the same skills (one who would berate me in front of customers and co-workers). â€Å"Every businessperson knows a story about a highly intelligent, highly skilled executive who was promoted into a leadership position only to fail at the job. And they also know a story about someone with solid—but not extraordinary—intellectual abilities and technical skills who was promoted into a similar position and then soared†. (Goleman, 2004) I am finding that I am firm believer in the  use of EI tests prior to hiring is a solid business decision. That way, when social skills are needed for the open position, you are getting an employee that matches all of your needs not just the technical ones. Relevance to the Study of Organizational Behavior: All businesses or organizations need managers to help shape their employees attitudes and behavior to ensure their desired outcomes. Managers who possess emotional intelligence help to make this possible in the most effective way possible. This is relevant because it deals with employees and with that, employee emotions and how they will react to a manager with good emotional intelligence. Managers who can motivate, or actively manage the workforce by using EI whether natural or learned will ultimately make the company money. Although EI is not required for some types of jobs (jobs that require little to no human contact) there are still many jobs where a manager’s emotional intelligence can be utilized and can make a difference to the bottom line of the company, which is usually the desired outcome. References George, J. M. (n.d.). Emotions and Leadership: The Role of Emotional Intelligence. Goleman, D. (2004). What Makes a Leader? Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: http://hbr.org/2004/01/what-makes-a-leader

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortions Pro Choice supporters who claim it isn't do themselves and their cause a disservice. Of course it's alive. It's a biological mechanism that converts nutrients and oxygen into energy that causes its cells to divide, multiply, and grow. It's alive. Anti-abortion activists often mistakenly use this fact to support their cause. "Life begins at conception" they claim. And they would be right. The genesis of a new human life begins when the egg with 23 chromosomes joins with a sperm with 23 chromosomes and creates a fertilized cell, called a zygote, with 46 chromosomes. The single-cell zygote contains all the DNA necessary to grow into an independent, conscious human being. It is a potential person. But being alive does not give the zygote full human rights - including the right not to be aborted during its gestation. A single-cell ameba also coverts nutrients and oxygen into biological energy that causes its cells to divide, multiply and grow. It also contains a full set of its own DNA. It shares everything in common with a human zygote except that it is not a potential person. Left to grow, it will always be an ameba - never a human person. It is just as alive as the zygote, but we would never defend its human rights based solely on that fact. And neither can the anti-abortionist, which is why we must answer the following questions as well. 2. Is it human? Yes. Again, Pro Choice defenders stick their feet in their mouths when they defend abortion by claiming the zygote-embryo-fetus isn't human. It is human. Its DNA is that of a human. Left to grow, it will become a full human person. And again, anti-abortion activists often mistakenly use this fact to support their cause. They are fond of saying, "an acorn is an oak tree in an early stage of development; likewise, the zygote is a human being in an early stage of development." And they would be right. But having a full set of human DNA does not give the zygote full human rights - including the right not to be aborted during its gestation. Don't believe me? Here, try this: reach up to your head, grab one strand of hair, and yank it out. Look at the base of the hair. That little blob of tissue at the end is a hair follicle. It also contains a full set of human DNA.

Of Mice and Men: Journey to their American Dream Essay

Achieving the American dream is possible, but the price to get there may be more than most can handle. In Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck shows threw different choices of settings the difficulties of achieving such a dream. George and Lenny, long time friends since childhood have the dream of owning and working there own land. They travel from town to town looking for labor trying to save up enough money. Yet everywhere they go it seems trouble either follows or finds them. The American dream is known by most but achieved by few. Gradually over the years the American dream has become the main staple for up and coming families. Both men and woman strive to have the white picket fence in a private town, near work, and with a good school district. Though many live from paycheck to paycheck portraying as if they have the american dream when in reality its all just an illusion. Young people are greatly influenced by family, friends, and the media. At a young age many are told to go to college, get a good job, and to become successful. It is drilled into the young that owning property and making life as comfortable as possible is the way to go. So this is what we work so hard for, never stopping on our quest to achieve the almost unachievable. Lennie and George’s vision of the American dream is simply owning their very own land. Threw out the book it is implied that you are a respected member of society if you own land and stay in one place. Yet Lennie and George go from town to town working hard trying to make enough money to buy land but never actually stay in one place for enough time to actually settle in one spot and buy it. If they were to have land ownership they would have the pride and respect they always wanted. In their eyes the dream means â€Å"independence and self-sufficiancy, the freedom that comes from owning land. which in turn means enjoying the fruits of one’s own labor.†-( Johnson[->0] 140) Society plays a big role in achieving the dream. Being on the outskirts of society is hard enough along with Lennie always sturring up accidental trouble, society brands them outsiders, unusual, and not safe. Usually they are run out of town by the towns people and not given a chance to save up enough money to be able to by land let alone find land to purchase. After a few times of this happening moral goes down and the dream seems farther and farther away. The migrant life and its effects can take a toll. They searched for casual work wherever they can find it. George and Lennie are known as † seasonal or casual workers, who went from job to job in africulture, industry, or construction.†- (Johnson[->1] 100). Usually they do hard labor that pays very little and don’t stay long enough to get comfortable. This leaves them feeling unwanted and mistreated. Many of the people they work with treat them like they are inconsequential. They are only wanted to do they hard labor no one else would do. Seen to be too weak to even come close to the American dream. Curly’s wife looks at them and rudely says † they left all the weak ones here.†- (Steinbeck). Curly’s wife has some dreams of her own as well. She wished to be a Hollywood actress but can’t beome one because Curly is so protective of her and doesn’t allow her to do anything. If she wants to make her dream come true she would have to leave Curly and all that she is familiar with behind. This would be a difficult and life changing decision not to be taken lightly (â€Å"Mice†). Discrimination is shown often throughout this book, against anyone who is different. Many times they are discriminated against because of their being drifters an not of a certain social standing. Lennie is mentally handicapped and most times his curious and playful side can become dangerous. He likes to touch pretty and soft things but in doing this without thinking others become frightened and disturbed by such a large burly man approaching them and not letting go. Because of this Lennie is constantly called stupid or a fool even by George at times. George is looked at as a fool for befriending someone like that. This deprives them of the hope they need to continue to work hard and reach their goals. George expresses this when he says, â€Å"I seen the guys that go around on the †¦ ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’t have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin’ to fight all the time.†(Steinbeck.17) A black man’s perspective can be much the same as a migrants. Even Curly, a black worker, wants to make it for himself but is constantly put down and disparaged because he is black and handicapped. With the mindset of being dumb, stupid and not good enough no one can move forward or accomplish anything. In the beginning and ending of the book Steinbeck uses symbolism in the largeness of the mountains compared to the smallness of George and Lennie showing the contrast between them and their dream (J.Hinds 152). Many ask the question can the American dream really be had? George is not very optimistic about starting up new in another town and in that mindset finds that the worst does happen. George is forced to kill Lennie, in this he possibly realizes this is the only way to achieve his dream of owning land even if it hurts him to do this. George had always felt a certain obligation to sticking with Lennie shown when he says, â€Å"I ain’t got no people†¦. ‘Course Lennie’s a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him.† (Steinbeck 45). In this case George killing Lennie was the only way for either of them to obtain their American dream. â€Å"Of Mice and Men and The American Dream.† 123HelpMe.com. 16 May 2012 . [->0] – /Claudia-Durst-Johnson/e/B000APX61U/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1/187-0392986-1780919 [->1] – /Claudia-Durst-Johnson/e/B000APX61U/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1/187-0392986-1780919

Equation †Learning Essay

Many people in the world think that education is an absolutely wonderful thing and that its necessary by all means. Yes it is a good thing and is needed to be more successful but it is not necessary by all means. Education can set you up to be more success and in the long run make more money but also it can take away from the importance of outside experiences and street smarts. As school goes on it even becomes less enjoyable because its more of the things that they believe is what needs to be taught and not what the student is interested in. In many students’ opinions, most classes they take in college and even high school provide them with no type of worthy knowledge or experience for the real world. It is there to just suck money from you and act as almost like a filler. Throughout high school, the material learned often looks past fiscal obligations and real life challenges. In high school, most courses tend to deal with complex mathematics and scientific equations that the average American citizen wouldn’t dream of using in their daily routine. Most intellect that is used is often the simple knowledge that we acquired in elementary. Who has gone to the supermarket and whipped out a calculus equation? Who needed a scientific formula to mow their lawn? Usually the common individual doesn’t think about mnemonic devices, hominems, or other mnemonic devices that supposedly help us speak the english language. We just think what we want to say and in a matter of milliseconds what our brain has processed is out of our mouths. Personally, education began to become uninteresting as soon as Freshman year started. They started to give us all the unnecessary formulas and equations that mean nothing in the real world around this time. This is more of the system’s fault, not even as much as the teachers as you may think. The system comes up with all of these special requirements and expectations that we must achieve to graduate or move on to the next grade level. For example, you needed to take a public speaking class which some people might not need at all in life, or already might be a great speaker and then the class will just be another filler wasting your time. In this time you could be learning something useful to you or your overall well being. Another problem is the teachers. Not every teacher, but a good portion. Especially the teachers that don’t care about their students and you can tell they don’t. They’re just there for the money and nothing else. They’ll go through slide after slide of information and you sit there and write it all down in your notebook. That is not the way to teach because yes, there might be some students that like to learn that way and understand. But there are also at least a couple others in the class that don’t really know what’s going on and are just basically writing down words on the paper that almost mean nothing. Another thing that can be a problem is when teachers don’t connect with their students or try to mix in a little fun here and there. That’s what you need to keep the interest of a student on point. Throw a curveball in there every so often. Instead of taking notes one day, conduct a whole class activity or show some videos that pertain to the lesson or information you’ve been reviewing. Don’t think that it’s completely the teacher’s fault that students aren’t interested or involved. Some of the blame is to be put on students themselves! Most students don’t even bother to try to get involved or learn the material. You need to at least put forth some effort in whatever you do to be successful in it. So you cannot say that you are failing a class purely off the teacher or because the material. Because if you tried to learn and understand or talk to the teacher about it, half the the time you’d find yourself in a much better position than were you previously started. As stated before most think that education is a necessity in life by any means, it is not. It is still important and can affect how the outcome of your life will play out though. You will find that most young adults and individuals who do not attend school will end up in bad situations with not as good jobs, cars, houses, etc. But this is not all because they didn’t have a good education. Yes it may have helped but there are so many other factors that play into a persons life that you can’t go and say just because the education wasnt there is the sole reason that they ended up how they did. At most you could say that it played a major role. Overall education is still a very important thing but is not completely needed to be success by any means. There are a good amount of things that are wrong with the education these days, but then again there are also a plentiful amount of things that are very good about it. In conclusion education has things wrong with it at every level from the highest ranked individual in the system, to the teachers who teach and lecture, and even to the students who are there to learn and try to comprehend it all. Everyone along the line needs to try a little harder and rethink how to approach education altogether!

3 Facts About Truckers That Overcome Stereotypes

3 Facts About Truckers That Overcome Stereotypes There are over 3.5 million truckers on the road, representing and incredibly diverse workforce. But there are a lot of pesky stereotypes that don’t necessarily reflect the people doing America’s driving. Here are a few things you should know about  truckers.  1. They showerThanks to companies like Flying J, Pilot, TA, and Petro, showers are now easily available on the road. Flying J and Pilot even have a special rewards program, called â€Å"Shower Power,† which gives one free shower daily with every 500 gallons of diesel- which is nothing in trucker tank terms. A decade ago, this wasn’t the case, but today’s trucker is actually incentivized to fuel up and stay squeaky clean.  RELATED:  9 Celebrities Who Used to be Truck Drivers 2. They’re dedicatedIf every U.S. trucker were to go on strike, even for one day, America would come to a complete halt. Some truckers get home every day and others don’t  for months at a time, but ei ther way: a trucker takes his or her job very seriously. Otherwise, our country’s goods would not be transported or delivered so efficiently.  3. They drive safelyThe trucking industry- and its drivers- are highly regulated. Most trucks are equipped with radar to prevent tailgating. Every year there are more and more laws governing truckers on the road, which makes them some of the safest drivers out there. Plus, though they may be driving for work, most truckers consider their work a joy- a new view every day, and the romance of the open road.The next time you see a trucker on the highway, try to give him the benefit of the doubt. He’s just like you: trying to do his job and get home safely.The Truth About Trucker Stereotypes

International Economy is Seen as Limiting Developing Countries Interests

International Economy is Seen as Limiting Developing Countries Interests Introduction The international economy has greatly changed over the last decades owing to the forces of globalization, liberalization of markets, and technology. The economy and operations of each nation have been integrated with those of other nations across the globe. Through globalization, it has been inevitable for countries to work without cooperation with others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Economy is Seen as Limiting Developing Countries’ Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The international economy is characterized by increased trade activities in the global platform. New markets and opportunities have been opened up, thus boosting trade and expansion of GDP for the countries. There has however been heated debate on the value of the international economy in serving the interests of developing nations. Research and analysis by leading economists has shown that the international economy is both advantageous and disastrous. Despite the numerous opportunities presented by the international economy, barriers in realizing national interests of developing countries have been reported. Based on research, the international economy is a force of capitalism and is only beneficial to the developed countries. This gives a clear opinion that the international economy is to a bigger extent limiting the interests of developing countries. This essay will discuss and analyze the ways in which the international economy limits developing countries’ interests. At present, few or no country has remained unaffected by the international economy. Some countries have greatly benefited from globalization, while others have fallen victims. The international economy offers great opportunities for growth and trade with countries, thus boosting national economic growth and development. This has however not been the case for many developing countries, which have grown poorer due to the international economy. The international economy has created an unstable and polarized world in the long run. This has caused protests of developing countries regarding the international economy. These protests have however been given a deaf hear by developed countries who are practically controlling the international economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current form of the international economy has done more harm than good in the sense that it only enhances inequality between developed and developing nations (Chua 102). A huge gap between developed and developing countries has resulted in the 21st century due to the international economy. Through globalization of the economy, the world has been polarized between the rich and poor countries. The developing countries have been put in a compromised situation, thus crippling them to severe poverty. A po int of concern is that the international economy is nothing but a tool of capitalism. This only benefits the developed countries since they have the power to control the market forces by formulating policies which favor their economy. Alongside the creation of the huge gulf between developed and developing nations, the international economy seeks to limit the dominance of individual nations. The reasons for exploitation of the poor countries should not be seen to originate from the rich countries but rather outside the control of rich countries. This gives an insight on the nature and environment of trade offered by international economy, which only favors the developed countries. The issues of technology, capital, human power, and political stability favor the rich countries. These are issues are beyond the control of the rich countries, but work in their favor, thus compromising the performance of developing countries in international markets (Held and McGrew 35). International ec onomy as the herald of inequality Opponents of international economy disagree with the knowledge that it creates fairness in distribution of wealth and provision of trade opportunities. The bottom-line concerning the nature of the international economy is that it is a tool of capitalism and only cultivates inequality between nations. The developing countries are hereby put in a compromised environment offered by international economy that favors the developed countries. It is true that the international economy has opened up trade, media, better technologies, and steered economic growth. However, this assumption does not outweigh the knowledge that the international market has created an unfavorable environment for inequality and unfair competition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Economy is Seen as Limiting Developing Countries’ Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasons why so many people around the globe have a negative perception towards the country, which is seen as the new global marketplace is due to the limitations offered by globalization to the developing nations. The United States of America is at the center of debate due to its role in enhancing the global economy. Being a capitalist nation, the US only looks forward to enhancing its economic prospects at the expense of poor countries. This is a clear justification that the international economy only creates a favorable ground for capitalism and the rich countries (Stiglitz 57). The international economy is guided by capitalistic structures which have ended up exploiting the developing nations. This market structure has only heightened unfair competition and increased inequality between poor and rich countries. The developed countries led by the US have dominated the global free market. This is only a tip of the iceberg which signifies that the global economy is a platform for the rich but not the p oor countries. Through the rapidly increasing global economic integration, some of the poorest countries have even reported a declining per capita income. This is in spite that the US and other developed countries have enjoyed per capita increase. For instance, the sub-Saharan Africa countries have been noted to experience a 1.2% decline in per capita while that of the US increased by 1.9% from 1980 to 1998. These statistics give a clear picture of the inequality created by the global economy (David 72). Integration and expansion of the international economy have heightened poverty levels in developing countries. The number of people living in subject poverty has widened rather than declined over the last three decades. The declining living standards and economic position of the developing countries should not be viewed as a result of poor governance but as a result of inequality created by the global economy. The US ideology has dominated the international economy in exploitative p oor countries. The US-conceived globalization is exploitative to the developing nations and has led to inequalities in wealth distribution and trade.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The issue of multinational corporations should be viewed as a huge barrier to the realization of economic growth in developing nations. These big businesses offer undue competition to small businesses in developing countries, thus chasing them out of business (Stiglitz 57). The market inequality and exploitation presented by the international economy is a limitation to developing countries’ interests. The mode of production and trade in the global markets is capitalist in nature. The developed countries take the opportunities presented by globalization to enrich themselves at the expense of the poor countries. Developed countries exploit the poor countries through the sell of cheap, capital intensive products at very high prices. This is in relation to the developing nations who sell tools of production, raw materials, and labor at throw away price. International markets assure rich countries of ready market for their high priced products and steady supply of cheap raw materi als and labor from poor countries. In regards to this scenario, precedence for long lasting inequality and exploitation is set which inhibits poor countries from actualizing their economic objectives. Alongside the price disparities of commodities traded in international markets, poor countries have been deprived of money circulation and left with unbalanced foreign trade accounts due to the importation of highly priced finished goods (Chua 102). Globalised economies have created inequality and dominance of the rich countries. The rich countries have dominated key sectors of the global economy like information technology. This dominance of sensitive sectors of the economy has limited the potentials of poor countries in realizing their goals. The developed countries use this economic and political dominance to exploit the poorer nations through weaker environmental laws, low wages, and other factors which enable them to dominate global markets. Poor countries are no longer used as po tential markets for high priced finished goods, but also as sources of cheap labor. This is a capitalist approach which has dominated the global economy by exploiting the developing countries (Stiglitz 57). The continued dominance of developed countries as well as the relationship with poor countries is only sustained through manipulation. The benefits of international economy do not guarantee their persistent participation but rather the manipulation and dependence on developed countries. The developed western nations like the UK and US use their economic and political power to manipulate the poor countries. The institutions of globalization like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are used by rich countries to press and manipulate the developing countries. In this perspective, the structure of global economy inhibits fair trade and thus limits the interests of developing countries. Developing countries have continued to protest against the double standards ado pted in global trade with little or no success. The policies, trade agreements, and economic institutions are aligned to the interests of developed countries. The loan policies of the IMF and World Bank are tools of neo-liberal capitalist policies (Chua 102). Developing countries have been forced or manipulated to liberalize their markets prematurely. Without the strong economic potential like their developed nations counterparts, poor nations have only been put in a compromised state for exploitation. The neo-liberal policies set by the World Bank and the IMF are doctored by the developed nations to exploit poor nations. These global economic policies require developing nations to do away with trade regulations so as to attract foreign investors. In spite of the fact international economy is an opportunity for economic growth; it ends up damaging the economic prospects of the poor countries. By liberalizing the domestic markets of poor countries, unfair competition is created by th e multinational corporations. It is sad to note that most of the developed nations even exempt themselves from harmful policies advocated by the World Bank and IMF. Based on this analysis, the international economy only deprives poor countries what they deserve and give room for rich countries to capitalize on the weaknesses and opportunities of the poor nations (Held and McGrew 35). International Economy as tool of absolute dominance The huge economic disparity between the rich and poor countries is a recipe for dominance. The platform offered by international economy favors the rich countries at the expense of poor nations. The global economy is very competitive and only favors the economically and politically empowered. In regards to production and trade, the rich countries are better placed. This is in regard to their technological know-how as well as capital empowerment. The developing countries are technologically backward and lack the high capital requirements to sustain mark et competition with developed countries. As a result of this scenario, the developing countries’ interests are compromised (Chua 102). The developed nations, mostly the US, have dominated the global economy through manipulation and coercion. By adopting the capitalist ideology, the developed nations have been able to replace their selfish and greedy image with a compassionate one. The global economy is governed by capitalistic structures that are used by developed nations to bring about economic and political dominance. A good example of tools of manipulation and dominance is the foreign aid. This is a deception used by developed countries to advance their interests in the global economy. The percentage of GNP of developed nations used as foreign aid is wanting. This is despite the ignorance of developing countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa which have fallen prey to the trickery of rich countries. Foreign trade is adequately used in the international economy to seek econo mic favors and fair trade agreements. This capitalist approach has led to more harm than good to the developing countries (Held and McGrew 35). The forces of capitalism have encroached into the global market in an uncontrolled way. With liberalized markets, developed nations use their power to exploit the potentials of poor countries. Capitalism in international has led the poor countries to grow in extreme poverty rather than help them to overcome their problems. Opponents of international economy offer insightful ideas on the manner in which poor nations have been held hostage by the rich nations. The use of medical aid, dollars, food aid, and military aid to poor nations is aimed at dominating them and making them live at the mercies of western nations. Foreign aid is exploitatively used to give favors to rich nations on exploitative economic deals. For instance, developing nations are manipulated to keep importing expensive products from developed countries, while being coerced to export cheap raw materials to the same countries. This scenario explains why the poor nations will continue to grow in poverty due to their exploitation in international trade (Stiglitz 57). Lack of fair and transparent market structures in the global economy leaves loopholes for exploitation and dominance of the developing nations. The current structure of the international marketplace favors developed countries like UK and US. The developed countries are conscious of their economic strengths and weaknesses and create regulations favoring all aspects of their economy at the expense of poor countries. It is notable that the developed countries ensure protection of their weaker segments of the economy while encourage poor countries to liberalize all segments of their economy. This opens pure competition in developing countries, thus catalyzing unfair competition. The overall economic policies and regulations are not fair to developing countries. This scenario creates a barrier in the fulfillment of the interests of the poor countries. The use of political manipulations in the international economy is rampant and unacceptable. Most of the developing nations are governed by rogue regimes which coalesce with rich countries to serve their interests with this in mind, the poor countries will continue to suffer from exploitation by the rich countries if fairness in the international economy is not restored (Dunklin 1). Weakening the position of poor countries in global economy Poor nations have been made vulnerable to catastrophic competition, which has weakened their position in the international economy. The perception that globalization has made poor countries vulnerable to unfair competition cannot be assumed. This is attributed to the huge gap between the rich and poor which has continued to widen instead of narrowing. Multinational corporations are the main force behind the weakening of the developing countries’ economies. Multinational corporations n ot only create employment and revenues for the government but also enhance capitalist exploitation. Developing nations are deprived of their potential labor and natural resources by foreign companies. This is a great catastrophe in the endeavors of realizing sustainable development. Most of the prime natural resources are exhausted by multinationals hence leaving the developing nations with no reserves. This phenomenon is more of harm to poor countries than benefit. This is because the natural resources are exploited and exhausted at a very minimal price or benefit to the nations (Chase-Dunn 62). Alongside the depletion of national resources and labor, multinational companies kill domestic companies. The competitive environment offered by the global economy is not favorable for developing countries. The young industries of developing countries are not in a position to compete with foreign companies. This is attributed to the technological and capital disparities which give the forei gn companies a competitive advantage. Due to economies of scale, multinational companies are able to produce goods and services at minimal prices and maintain high quality. This is the main reason why multinational companies enjoy monopoly power since they have left no room for domestic companies to grow (Held and McGrew 35). Import trade is also a disaster for developing countries’ interests and economic growth. The liberalized market structures created by the global economy have encouraged unfair trade. Poor countries are forced to import cheap and better quality products from developing nations. This is simply because the domestic companies can not compete with foreign companies in terms of quality and price. The high capital endowment and technological knowhow facilitate economies of scale and standardization, thus ensuring high quality and relatively low prices for commodities. In such a scenario, the domestic market in developing nations is made captive of imported prod ucts. The import trade and policies are biased in the sense that they favor import and discourage export in developing nations. Poor countries are manipulated with foreign aid to waive or reduce import duties so as to boost imports and restrain exports. This is a malicious initiative by developed nations whose main goal is to capitalize on the prime opportunities offered by poor countries (Chase-Dunn 62). Ecological damages are also severely suffered by developing nations due to the global economy. There is a strong link between economic operations and ecological management. The developed nations have engaged in unfair relationships with poor nations aimed at exploiting their natural resources. The developed countries pose a severe problem to developing countries since they try to manage their environment. This is mainly because natural resources have remained a key element in developing countries’ exports. The global economy has created instability in developing nations, thu s limiting them from managing their natural resources. The low priced tagged on natural resources has led to exploitation in order to balance foreign trade payments. This leads to unsustainable production. Poor nations are facing unbearable foreign debt. In relation with this scenario, the developing nations are put pressure to exploit their natural resources in the endeavors of servicing debt. Environmental deterioration as well as natural resource depletion is inevitable in developing nations due to the vulnerability they have been subjected to by rich countries. Long-term development in poor countries is hereby compromised due to environmental deterioration (Chase-Dunn 62). The encroachment and operations of multinational corporations in developed countries are intertwined with political and economic relations. These are relationships, made for convenience and only benefit the multinationals but not the developing countries. Multinational corporations have sought to deal with dev eloping countries in consumer goods industries that are labor intensive. This is a strategy aimed at exploiting the cheap labor offered by the developing countries. As a result of this relationship, the developing nations have been left to suffer from the violation of labor standards. Through the immense economic and political powers of the multinational corporations, the citizens of poorer countries continue to suffer. This is due to the massive violation of labor laws regarding working environment and remunerations (Wallerstein 42). Developing countries have remained attractive to multinational corporations due to their relative abundance of unskilled and low-skilled labor. This is a competitive advantage to the foreign companies which are enabled to produce export goods at cheaper costs. The net benefit goes to the foreign companies rather than the developing countries. Alongside the exploitation of labor, the operations of foreign companies lead to massive destruction of the env ironment. Developing nations offer raw materials to multinational corporations at very low cost. This has led to exploitation and exhaustion of the resources, thus heightening poverty levels in developing countries (Chase-Dunn 62). The extent of the global economy into developing countries only gives power to the holders of capital, who are in this case are the rich nations. Global financial institutions are used wealthy nations to manipulate and exploit developing nations. The immense power of global financial institutions and multinational firms manipulate economic policies in their favor. The labor markets in developing nations have been most affected by the global economy, whereby it has been weakened. Workers in developing nations have been denied the freedom of unions and movement from country to another thus impairing their bargaining power. This is an exploitative approach which is dominating the global economy. In reference to the growth of the international economy, member ship in unions has been shown to decline significantly, where unions are facing more challenges than before. All these problems facing the labor market in poor countries as a result of the global economy. Multinationals, foreign investors and global economic institutions impose labor constraints which restrain wage increase and participation in unions (Wallerstein 42). Poverty and increased dependence of developing countries Despite that it is a complex task to prove the direct link between global economy and poverty in developing countries; studies of different scholars have ascertained that international economy trends have heightened dependency and poverty in developing countries. The effects of international economy on poverty and dependence are due to increased competition. Foreign trade, investment and government borrowing are key issues of concern which has enhanced poverty in developing countries. The position of poor countries in the global economy has been compromised by w estern powers. This has led to increased dependence and poverty rather than benefits. Since the 1980s, the global economy has grown tremendously and has brought more suffering to poor nations than good. The depletion of natural resources and killing of domestic industries are the main causes of poverty and dependency in poor countries (Chase-Dunn 62). The robust growth of the international economy is disastrous to developing nations. Through globalised economy, growth of developing nations has been made uneven. The total share of developing nations in the international economy has also declined over the years. In this case, the interests of these poor countries to actualize economic growth are limited. Many developing countries have only found them in a compromised state in reference to the liberalized markets. The deficiencies of developing countries in economic structures and stability have led to exploitation. The poor infrastructure and societal institutions of developing nation s are outweighed by the sophisticated technologies, capital stability and socioeconomic and political powers of the developed nations. The nature of products and services offered by developing countries in international markets are not competitive. This is because most of these developing countries are dependent on agriculture and natural resources. The developing nations only produce raw materials which are low priced in the global scale. The gap and difference in products dealt by developed and developing nations has led to interdependence in trade. This is however not a mutual or sustainable relationship since it has led to unbalanced foreign trade. This is attributed to the excessive and high priced imports of developing nations compared to low export to developed nations (Singh 31). Support for international economy and its benefits to developing countries’ interests The international economy has faced a lot of criticism due to its limitation to developing countries†™ interests. However, these criticisms have not taken into account the benefits the international economy may have on the interests of poor countries. Despite that the global market favors developed countries of the West; it has been supported for its ability to inhibit absolute dominance by any single country. Political and economic interdependence has been cultivated by the globalised economy. For instance, multinational corporations are bound to obey laws in countries where they operate. This is an indication of the nature of the international economy, where it leads to interdependence between countries. The establishment of global financial institutions like IMF, WTO, and UN regulates the operations trade in the global economy. This is good for developing countries in the sense that their interests are protected (Dunklin 1). The international economy has also opened economic growth in developing countries. The global economy has come as a relief to developing countries in the sense that it has opened up development. Many poor nations have been opened up for trade and made new centers of growth. This is because the global economy has come with diverse opportunities for countries. The provision of a ready market for goods and services in developing countries has economic benefits. Foreign investment and multinational corporations have helped developing nations to utilize natural resources. This is in relation to the limited capital and technological know-how of many developing nations. Job creation and improvement of living standards are also scenarios worth praising. In this case, multinational corporations and foreign investment steers economic growth by creating employment and provision of revenues for the government. This has in turn helped in reducing poverty and improving living standards (David 72). Conclusion The international economy has profoundly affected all countries over the last couple of decades. While the global economy has benefited some nations, some are in constant protests due to the limitations they have experienced in the globalised economy. In regards to the developing countries, the international economy has been of harm than benefit. The interests of poor countries have been compromised by developed countries. The international economy is capitalistic in nature and is a tool for exploiting poor nations. The international economy has limited attainment of developing countries’ interests through exploitative economic policies, multinational corporations, manipulative foreign aid, and biases in global financial institutions. Wealthier nations have dominated the developed countries inhibited their economic growth. On the contrary, poor countries have benefited from increased employment, expansion of trade, and improvement of living standards. The disadvantages of international economy on poor countries outweigh the benefits, thus calling for caution while operating in the global markets. There is no doubt that poor countries will remain victims of the capitalistic global economy, hence inhibiting the realization of their visions. A thorough review of the structures and mechanism of the global economy is paramount so as to ensure fairness and realization of developing countries’ interests. Chase-Dunn, Christopher. Global Formation, New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998. Print. Chua, Amy. World on Fire: How exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic  Hatred and Global Instability, New York: Anchor Books, 2003, Print. David, Dollar. Globalization, Inequality, and Poverty since 1980, New Jersey: Wiley Sons Press, 2001. Print. Dunklin, Arthu 2005, Globalisation: A Portrait of Exploitation, Inequality, and Limits. Web. http://globalization.icaap.org/content/v5.2/dunklin.html Held, David and A. McGrew. The Global Transformations Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. Print. Singh, Ajit and A. Zammit. The global standards controversy: Critical issues  For developin g countries, New York: McGraw Hill, 2000. Print. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalization and Its Discontents, New York: WW Norton, 2002. Print. Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Capitalist World Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Print.

Threading Introduction in Visual Basic

Threading Introduction in Visual Basic To understand threading in VB.NET, it helps to understand some of the foundation concepts. First up is that threading is something that happens because the operating system supports it. Microsoft Windows is a pre-emptive multitasking operating system. A part of Windows called the task scheduler parcels out processor time to all the running programs. These small chunks of processor time are called time slices. Programs arent in charge of how much processor time they get, the task scheduler is. Because these time slices are so small, you get the illusion that the computer is doing several things at once. Definition of Thread A thread is a single sequential flow of control. Some qualifiers: A thread is a path of execution through that body of code.Threads share memory so they have to cooperate to produce the correct result.A thread has thread-specific data such as registers, a stack pointer, and a program counter.A process is a single body of code that can have many threads, but it has at least one and it has a single context (address space). This is assembly level stuff, but thats what you get into when you start thinking about threads. Multithreading vs. Multiprocessing Multithreading is not the same as multicore parallel processing, but multithreading and multiprocessing do work together. Most PCs today have processors that have at least two cores, and ordinary home machines sometimes have up to eight cores. Each core is a separate processor, capable of running programs by itself. You get a performance boost when the OS assigns a different process to different cores. Using multiple threads and multiple processors for even greater performance is called thread-level parallelism. A lot of what can be done depends on what the operating system and the processor hardware can do, not always what you can do in your program, and you shouldnt expect to be able to use multiple threads on everything. In fact, you might not find many problems that benefit from multiple threads. So, dont implement multithreading just because its there. You can easily reduce your programs performance if its not a good candidate for multithreading. Just as examples, video codecs may be the worst programs to multithread because the data is inherently serial. Server programs that handle web pages might be among the best because the different clients are inherently independent. Practicing Thread Safety Multithreaded code often requires complex coordination of threads. Subtle and difficult-to-find bugs are common because different threads often have to share the same data so data can be changed by one thread when another isnt expecting it. The general term for this problem is race condition. In other words, the two threads can get into a race to update the same data and the result can be different depending on which thread wins. As a trivial example, suppose youre coding a loop: For I 1 To 10 DoSomethingWithI()Next If the loop counter I unexpectedly misses the number 7 and goes from 6 to 8- but only some of the time- it would have disastrous effects on whatever the loop is doing. Preventing problems like this is called thread safety. If the program needs the result of one operation in a later operation, then it can be impossible to code parallel processes or threads to do it.   Basic Multithreading Operations Its time to push this precautionary talk to the background and write some multithreading code. This article uses a Console Application for simplicity right now. If you want to follow along, start Visual Studio with a new Console Application project. The primary namespace used by multithreading is the System.Threading namespace and the Thread class will create, start, and stop new threads. In the example below, notice that TestMultiThreading is a delegate. That is, you have to use the name of a method that the Thread method can call. Imports System.ThreadingModule Module1 Sub Main() Dim theThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf TestMultiThreading) theThread.Start(5) End Sub Public Sub TestMultiThreading(ByVal X As Long) For loopCounter As Integer 1 To 10 X X * 5 2 Console.WriteLine(X) Next Console.ReadLine() End SubEnd Module In this app, we could have executed the second Sub by simply calling it: TestMultiThreading(5) This would have executed the entire application in serial fashion. The first code example above, however, kicks off the TestMultiThreading subroutine and then continues. A Recursive Algorithm Example Heres a multithreaded application involving calculating permutations of an array using a recursive algorithm. Not all of the code is shown here. The array of characters being permuted is simply 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Heres the pertinent part of the code. Sub Main() Dim theThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf Permute) theThread.Start(5) Permute(5) Console.WriteLine(Finished Main) Console.ReadLine()End SubSub Permute(ByVal K As Long) ... Permutate(K, 1) ...End SubPrivate Sub Permutate( ... ... Console.WriteLine( pno pString) ...End Sub Notice that there are two ways to call the Permute sub (both commented out in the code above). One kicks off a thread and the other calls it directly. If you call it directly, you get: 1 123452 12354... etc119 54312120 54321Finished Main However, if you kick off a thread and Start the Permute sub instead, you get: 1 12345Finished Main2 12354... etc119 54312120 54321 This clearly shows that at least one permutation is generated, then the Main sub moves ahead and finishes, displaying Finished Main, while the rest of the permutations are being generated. Since the display comes from a second sub called by the Permute sub, you know that is part of the new thread as well. This illustrates the concept that a thread is a path of execution as mentioned earlier. Race Condition Example The first part of this article mentioned a race condition. Heres an example that shows it directly: Module Module1 Dim I As Integer 0 Public Sub Main() Dim theFirstThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf firstNewThread) theFirstThread.Start() Dim theSecondThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf secondNewThread) theSecondThread.Start() Dim theLoopingThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf LoopingThread) theLoopingThread.Start() End Sub Sub firstNewThread() Debug.Print( firstNewThread just started!) I I 2 End Sub Sub secondNewThread() Debug.Print( secondNewThread just started!) I I 3 End Sub Sub LoopingThread() Debug.Print( LoopingThread started!) For I 1 To 10 Debug.Print( Current Value of I: I.ToString) Next End SubEnd Module The Immediate window showed this result in one trial. Other trials were different. Thats the essence of a race condition. LoopingThread started!Current Value of I: 1secondNewThread just started!Current Value of I: 2firstNewThread just started!Current Value of I: 6Current Value of I: 9Current Value of I: 10

Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories - Essay Example Secondly, there is an individual deterrence in which courts and other law practitioners get certain guidance as to how to deal with the first-time criminals or may be how to carry about sanctions on individual cases so that they deter from the act. Another form of deterrence is absolute deterrence when the threat and the punishment happen to a person who is close to the offender, and thus, he realizes that the same could also happen to him and his family and finally deters. The final form is of restrictive deterrence, when the offender commits one type of sin and refrains from it the next time while, experimenting other misdeeds in subsequent happenings. Deterrence theories offer certain assumptions regarding the implications that the legal/formal and informal controls might have their impacts on further involvement of the convicted persons in other criminal activities (Lebow & Stein, 1989). They say that if control of either type is exercised, it would reduce the number of criminal activities by the person in future. However, studies conducted at different places reflected quite a contradictory picture revealing that control, in the form of arrest, has no effect in the rate of crime pertained to domestic violence (Sherman, Smith, Schmidt & Rogan, 1992). Such a collective impact of the two controls are marked under the category of general deterrence, however, the function of informal control would be discussed under the category of specific deterrence and their hypotheses are discussed respectively. As discussed above, the general deterrence model incorporates the interface of both types of threats and the nature and extent of punishment that they include. There are mainly three hypotheses that come under this category, as elaborated below: This particular hypothesis advocates that when the offender is more concerned and tied to the societal norms and values, only then, the legal threats in the

Influence of Buddhism on Japanese Architecture Essay

Influence of Buddhism on Japanese Architecture - Essay Example The architectural design of Buddhist temples that were introduced in Japan followed the traditional forms that been developed in Korea and China. A number of buildings that made up seven structures were to be found within one compound. These structures included among others the main hall, pagoda, repository for sutras, lecture hall, bell tower, dining hall and dormitory with a wall made of clay enclosing the compound with each of the sides having a gate. In this arrangement, the main object of worship was placed in the main hall with the lecture hall which was construction being used by the monks as study place, religious instructions or for performing various religious rituals. There were also towers in the compound, one housing the bells used for announcing religious daily functions while there was also a tower that housed canonical texts therefore acting as a sutra repository. The dormitories and the mess hall were located either to the sides or behind the inner grounds.Although t he earlier forms of architecture that had been in existence before introduction of Buddhism utilized wood as the main construction martial, introduction of the religion by the Chinese led to novel approaches in the way wood technology was applied in construction. Before the entrance of temple architecture introduced in Japan by Buddhism, there existed simple forms of beam and post technology explored in the design and construction of various structures. This was an important aspect considering the buildings were constructed in a land.

Questions of the Philosophy Ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions of the Philosophy Ideas - Assignment Example This means that a human has very limited and concise knowledge, wisdom and morality and no matter how much one tries to grasp all the knowledge, it is not possible as a person to absorb everything. Thus, Socrates believes that irrespective of all the knowledge he possesses, he still does not know anything. This leads to self-questioning and judging one's self whether what we assume is actually true or just a vague illusion. Nothing was completely pure and perfect for Socrates. He believed that there was more to explore. Another perspective can be that Socrates was so ignorant that through this statement he meant that he at least he knew something if not everything (Miles 165) This is a very contradictory statement, and it is quite difficult to ascertain what he really wanted to convey; personally I think that he knew a lot and wanted to learn more. 2. What did Descartes mean when he said, â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† "I Think Therefore I Am" is a very renowned quotation or one of the most popular phrases ever said. This phrase was written by famous Rene Descartes in the 1600s in his book Meditations II. Earlier in his first book Meditations I, he completely destructed the belief of anything that occurred. He justified his statement by saying that there was not any way to be certain about his thoughts which were apparently mistaken or misleading, which is the misconception of human beings. Few examples he gave were that one cannot change the fact that there is a supreme power that exists and which plays and tricks the human brain or the very common optically seen illusions that baffle the human brain. Later in his book the Meditations II, he states that there is only a singular thing he can be sure of - that he is present. His justification lay in the fact that the ambiguity of certainty was due to the thoughts which were deluded. Deluded thoughts, if there are any, thoughts apparently do exist, and Descartes is a person who thinks that he exists. â₠¬Å"I think, therefore I am† is the initial and the most accurate statement which states itself to those who take philosophy in a very systematic manner: one should initially know what thought, existence and certainty are, and that one needs to exist in order to think. But we have so many ways of gaining knowledge that we do not know what exactly would enumerate us (Ariew 306). 3. What is the primary goal of Vipassana meditation? How is this goal achieved? The primary goal and the purpose of Vipassana meditation is the internal purification of the mind. It is apparently the most top level of enlightenment. True nature is the entire form of mind-matter theory. The reason of this meditation is to see the world as it is without being judgmental about it. Vipassana meditation focuses on the basic goal required to build in a composed targeted approach of the self and the surrounding world (Dockett 25).  

Gender Portrayal and the Idea of the Gaze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Portrayal and the Idea of the Gaze - Essay Example Gender refers to the characteristics associated with men, women and children. This is usually based on the understanding and belief that men and women behave differently and this is usually caused by their traditions, culture and experiences. People have always associated some behavior with a particular gender and this has led to stereotyping that associated one sex with a certain way of behaving (Gurley 12). Gender has been portrayed in different ways by the media, literature, society and traditions. Education has also contributed to gender stereotypes that have affected the performance of students. The media plays an important role of educating the public about various issues that affect their lives. In addition, it entertains, persuades and informs the public about past, present and the future events that play significant roles in their affairs. However, films, cartoons and documentaries aired in the media have depicted women as weak and that they cannot do anything without being assisted by men (Gurley 25). This belief has been developed in youths who think that all women are weak. On the other hand, men have been depicted as heroes and that they can manage all situations that women cannot even dream of solving. In addition, learning institutions have also contributed to gender stereotype by separating boys from girls in various activities. Schools have different games for boys and girls and it is very rare to find them playing together even if it is a similar game (Gurley 33). In addition, most girls are discouraged from taking since subjects since these are perceived to be difficult and only boys can manage them. The family has also contributed to gender stereotypes by advocating for different shoes, clothes and toys for boys and girls. It is very common to hear a parent telling a young boy to stop crying like a girl and most girls are discouraged from climbing trees since this is associated with boys. The society plays a significant role in educating

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example In reality, many international investors are seemingly small and weak. For instance, multinational firms originating from developing countries have become a visible force in the world of FDI (Wells, 1983) Small and medium-sized firms also play significant roles in outward investment (Buckley et al, 1988), which have benefited many countries, thereby ending up in predicting future threats. "FDI is a cross-border production activity that takes place for a number of reasons. Investment decisions are affected by market size and cost differentials, with firms investing in locations with relatively low production costs". (Barrell, 1997) After grappling with the question of why MNCs engages in International production, four theories are identified that attempts to explain four motivations for FDI, named Monopolistic Advantage Theory, Oligopolistic Reaction Theory, Internationalisation Theory and the Eclectic Paradigm. Hymer suggests that FDI occurs in imperfectly competitive markets and adopted an industrial organisation approach to explain the process of international production. Kindleberger details the nature of the monopolistic advantages that the foreign investor may possess over its domestic competitors. Thus, he indicates that these advantages may arise in the goods market to achieve vertical or horizontal integration. Kindleberger also states that monopolistic advantages may arise through the actions of government in the host country. In restricting imports, the government may inadvertently stimulate FDI. However, Caves argues that the vertically extended foreign investor does not rely on the possession of these unique assets. Its motivations for international production are to avoid oligopolistic uncertainty concerning the long-term supply and pricing of its inputs as well as to erect barriers to entry against new rivals. Hood and Young (1979) postulate that the monopolistic advantage theory fully explains the FDI made by US multinational enterprises during the post-World War II period. However, they question whether the MNC needs to possess any advantage when investing in developing countries, since it is confronted with little domestic competition. They cite the example of Japanese ventures in developing countries that are faced with few, if any, effective local competitors. (Hood and Young, 1979) Oligopolistic Reaction Theory Knickerbocker argues that a rival firm's moves into a foreign market not only could threaten the corporate earnings of the other oligopolists, but also could result in it acquiring competitive assets far in excess of those it already possesses. Thus, he posits, the defensive investment undertaken by the other oligopolists serves to maintain the balance of competition within the industry. (Barclay, 2000, p. 23) Knickerbocker postulates that it is the firms

Assignment chapter 13 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chapter 13 - Assignment Example They came to the United States two years ago. In India, people react to strangers in different ways. Some Indians simply look at strangers, others smile, while others pretend to not care, but they surely notice foreigners around them (Bhatti). If someone is staring, the stranger can smile politely. Indians often return the smile (Bhatti). In terms of greeting, saying â€Å"Namaste† is the traditional greeting (â€Å"India Customs†). During this greeting, the person presses his/her hands together, with his/her fingers facing up and near the chin (â€Å"India Customs†). When addressing superiors or older people, a slight bow is added (â€Å"India Customs†). One must greet the most senior person or the eldest first always (â€Å"India Customs†). When entering a room, a nod and saying â€Å"Namaste† can suffice (â€Å"India Customs†). Males, especially strangers, do not touch women in public, including shaking their hands (â€Å"India Customs†). For communication practices, excessive gestures and verbal expression are considered impolite, especially when coming from strangers (Dasgupta). It is also acceptable to be late by 15 to 30 minutes because American punctuality is not widely practiced in many areas, unless for businesses who have embraced American customs (Dasgupta). In addition, when invited to an Indian family house for lunch or dinner, the invited person must bring a gift, such as a box of chocolates or flowers (Dasgupta). However, since different flowers have different meanings, it is important to ask the florist about appropriate flowers to be brought to families (Dasgupta). Furthermore, the gesture for â€Å"yes† is a slight nod of the head, while â€Å"no† is a turning from side to side. Some foreigners do not easily see the difference between the gestures for â€Å"yes† and â€Å"no,† probably because Indians do not like saying â€Å"no† out of respect (Dasgupta). Greeting a person depends on his/her social status, wherein age, university

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example In reality, many international investors are seemingly small and weak. For instance, multinational firms originating from developing countries have become a visible force in the world of FDI (Wells, 1983) Small and medium-sized firms also play significant roles in outward investment (Buckley et al, 1988), which have benefited many countries, thereby ending up in predicting future threats. "FDI is a cross-border production activity that takes place for a number of reasons. Investment decisions are affected by market size and cost differentials, with firms investing in locations with relatively low production costs". (Barrell, 1997) After grappling with the question of why MNCs engages in International production, four theories are identified that attempts to explain four motivations for FDI, named Monopolistic Advantage Theory, Oligopolistic Reaction Theory, Internationalisation Theory and the Eclectic Paradigm. Hymer suggests that FDI occurs in imperfectly competitive markets and adopted an industrial organisation approach to explain the process of international production. Kindleberger details the nature of the monopolistic advantages that the foreign investor may possess over its domestic competitors. Thus, he indicates that these advantages may arise in the goods market to achieve vertical or horizontal integration. Kindleberger also states that monopolistic advantages may arise through the actions of government in the host country. In restricting imports, the government may inadvertently stimulate FDI. However, Caves argues that the vertically extended foreign investor does not rely on the possession of these unique assets. Its motivations for international production are to avoid oligopolistic uncertainty concerning the long-term supply and pricing of its inputs as well as to erect barriers to entry against new rivals. Hood and Young (1979) postulate that the monopolistic advantage theory fully explains the FDI made by US multinational enterprises during the post-World War II period. However, they question whether the MNC needs to possess any advantage when investing in developing countries, since it is confronted with little domestic competition. They cite the example of Japanese ventures in developing countries that are faced with few, if any, effective local competitors. (Hood and Young, 1979) Oligopolistic Reaction Theory Knickerbocker argues that a rival firm's moves into a foreign market not only could threaten the corporate earnings of the other oligopolists, but also could result in it acquiring competitive assets far in excess of those it already possesses. Thus, he posits, the defensive investment undertaken by the other oligopolists serves to maintain the balance of competition within the industry. (Barclay, 2000, p. 23) Knickerbocker postulates that it is the firms

MOVEO folding electric scooter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MOVEO folding electric scooter - Assignment Example The company in 2013 unveiled a new product the MOVEO the folding electric scooter which they intend to begin distributing by June 2014. The company was founded by Zsolt HegedÃ… ±s and Gà ©za Hivessy in 2001. The company’s headquarter is based in Ã… riszentpà ©ter, in the western corner of Hungary (Antro Group). The vision of the company is to lead in the innovation of prototypes making use of environmental friendly technologies and materials that decrease the weight of the locomotives in order to reduce the consumption of energy. Their mission is to establish an environmentally friendly quality mode of transport that offers a cheap and comfortable alternative to the existing transport means. The market target for the MOVEO foldable electric scooter is individuals mainly residing in urban areas. The foldable electric scooter was created with the intention of regulating commuting by car which in turn reduces the emissions that pollute the environment. This follows the growth of awareness among the consumers who are now beginning to welcome two wheeled vehicles as a new mode of transport (Hurst & Gartner 2012). The market for electric scooters has also been boosted by the introduction of electric cars since there are charging spots that are easily accessible within the city which is attracting the interest of both new and existing consumers (Pinson, Jinnett & Pinson 1996). The major primary market for the MOVEO foldable scooter is the Asia Pacific region. This is because there is a high rate of urbanisation which continues to grow every day. Due to this, it leads to congestion in traffic coupled with emissions that pollute the environment. Following these reasons, the governments in the region have all come together to promote the use of electric scooters in order to manage pollution. The electric scooter market is expected to grow tremendously

Men are from Mars, Women Are from Venus Essay Example for Free

Men are from Mars, Women Are from Venus Essay This is the title of the 1990’s Best Selling book which tells that Men and Women are different in their own natural ways. But nowadays, most of the people think that sometimes this is not applicable to both genders. Dual Personality is very common and frequently seen in these days. In fact, Male Vanity is widely experience by most of the men. They are typically described as vain in the way they take excessive measures in making sure they always look gorgeous in social situations, quietly suffer from stress levels that are more taxing than what women experience for the same thing, according to researchers. A lot of women wonder how do men became meticulous and how to identify if a man is already becoming vain. So here’s some of my observations regarding with the reasons why a lot of men are experiencing male vanity and the signs of being vain. Women are known for being beauty conscious. We really like to have fair and white skin, looking sexy and gorgeous all the time and to be beautiful inside and out. And to achieve these things, we sometimes depend on beauty products, herbal medicines and Derma Clinics. But nowadays, the rise of male grooming has led to men taking almost twice as many electrical items with them as women, based on new researches. Beauty Products for men are frequently seen on TV ads. They are answering the demand with products streamlined for the male consumer. Clinique has developed an entire line of skin care products exclusively for men. Their All About Eyes cream diminishes the appearance of eye puffs, darkness and fine lines. They point out that the cream-gel actually helps hold eye makeup in place. Yes. Were still talking about the mens line. Generally, looking clean and pressed is a good idea. But applying expensive moisturizers, powders and creams before and after bedtime is another thing. Should we call it ‘Vanity’? I guess so. Most of the propagandas that women usually read has reached men. Especially in terms of Diet and Health. We can say that a man that is considered vain is also a diet-crazed. A basic guy’s activities to maintain his good health like sports, balance diet and manual labor are enough to offset a normal diet. But if a man knows about yoga, ab cruncher, pilates or a guy who works for better biceps have no purpose for bigger biceps other than self-admiration is not normal anymore. In terms of their outer looks, Fashion and pop culture have a lot to do with the change. The ultra-slim silhouette and skinny jeans that hit the high-fashion world several years ago have infiltrated men’s departments in mainstream stores like Banana Republic and Old Navy. And because of social media websites like Facebook and Twitter, men constantly are confronted with photos of fit male celebs. Men like to live up to a certain standard, a certain level of providing income. The image of a career, however, has become more important than the actual work. Today, men seek clean, domesticated, polite, sedentary jobs. Fathers used to be firemen, farmers and construction workers, which meant getting their hands dirty. Plastic surgery clinics are reporting a surge in business from men seeking a helping hand to stave off the ageing process. And men arent just interested in looking younger, but also thinner and more polished. It is no surprise then that according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), nearly 171,000 Americans under the age of 18, had some form of plastic surgery in 2000 with the most common operation being rhinoplasty or surgery to change the size or shape of the nose. Joshua Parilla, 25 years old and a call center agent was asked if he shows some signs of being vain as what people had observe to him. And he replied, â€Å"I visit the Parlor twice a month because I want to have a different styles of haircut. Then I visit a massage spa at least once a month as a reward for myself every time I receive my monthly salary. And sometimes I went to a Derma Clinic to maintain my good skin. And I must admit it.† Not only the ordinary men experienced Vanity but also the once who we did not expect to be vain. I had watched a show titled Palaban, hosted by Mareng Winnie Monsod, Malou Mangahas and Miriam Quiambao. Palaban discusses male vanity with Dr. Kho, actor-model Alfred Vargas, Navotas Mayor Toby Tingco, cosmetic surgeon Dr. Manny Calayan and Carole Sarthou of market research firm Synovate Philippines. Women swoon over them and some of their secrets are regimen that includes regularly going to the gym, use of skin care products, getting a hot oil treatment, and even having cosmetic laser treatment. Some of them have taken to stuffing their bag with their own â€Å"kikay kit (vanity kit). They use products intended for women too. So now, who says only women can be vain? It seems that Vanity truly changed the name of men. And the rise of Male Grooming has changed the point of views of many people. Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus but we are on Earth so there’s no boundaries here. Self-improvement is a good thing as it makes us feel more confident when we face the world. However, our confidence is and should always be in our own selves as individuals.

The Definition Of Globalization Education Essay

The Definition Of Globalization Education Essay Globalization has brought about many changes in human lives. Globalisation, which started off in the West, was brought about by many factors. Some of it is the the emergence of the information technology and also the economic competition between different countries (Jarvis, 2007, p. 44). Here, it is obvious that globalization was about the economic benefit at first and later had also impacted many others categories of human lives such as education and environment. The impacts and effects of globalization could be seen everywhere, from the food industry to the music that one listens. Some would argue that globalization benefitted the mass, and therefore it is something good. However, some would refute by saying that globalization has also had some negative impacts. Therefore, I would like to find out and discuss the effects of globalization specifically in education. This paper would examine closely the effects of globalization in education in terms of commodification, internationalis ation, citizenship and also accessibility of knowledge. This essay would argue that although globalization brings some positive effects, it also brings some negative effects that sometimes could be considered to outweigh the benefits of it. The arguments will be put forward by first defining globalization and then highlighting some of the different types of globalization. This will be followed by discussing the impact of globalization in education in terms of commodification, internationalisation, citizenship, and accessibility of knowledge. Last but not least, this essay will discuss the implications for teachers in a Malaysian secondary school classroom. Defination of Globalization There are tremendous amount of literature on the definition of globalization. Globalisation seemed to an easy word to define at first. However, there are many definitions of it where each and one of these definitions are looked from various different perspectives such as social, economy and political perspectives. From an political point of view, Beck (2000, p. 11) defines globalization as a process through which transnational actors undermine sovereign national states with varying prospect of power, direction, identities, and network. From a communication point of view, globalization as a concept refers to both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole (Robertson, 1992, p. 8). Similarly, Luke (2005), stated that globalization is how the world is shrinking in the sense that people can communicate to each other instantaneously through the use of technology especially the internet. On a different plane, Waters (1995, p. 3) looks at globalization as a social change where physical boundaries of place on the social and cultural aspects are diminishing and the public are aware that it is diminishing. Looking from a social perspectives or point of view, globalization is the escalation of global social relations which connect far localities in such a way that local events are influenced by events occurring in the far distance and vice versa. (Held, 1991 cited in Morrow Torres, 2000, p. 29). Therefore, it can said that globalisation is the weakening of the physical boundaries surrounding the nation or states, in which affects aspects of human life such as culture, social interaction, economy, politics and many other aspects. The less visible boundaries mean that people are more likely to interact with each other. If the interaction is between people or party of same position or status, the interaction could be in a neutral way. However, if the interaction is between people or party of unequal status or power, the m ore privileged will tend to influence the less privileged it can also happen that the less privileged might want to imitate the more privileged in order to live the same condition as the opposite party. When looking at the definitions of globalisation, it is important to also highlight the different types of globalisation. Here, cultural, economy and political globalisation will be discussed closely. Cultural globalisation is about the spread of one stronger element of culture, which in many cases, would be the American culture. This is done through the American media which penetrates most parts of world. Songs, films, and many more are easily available around the world (Jarvis, 2007). Besides, he also argues that many new cultural institutions have become industries where these institutions are trying to sell their culture. However, one would argue that cultural globalisation could also strengthen the culture in particular society if the member of the society choose to resist the wave of global influx of different foreign culture. According to Jones (1998, p. 146), cultural globalisation includes deteriorating religious mosaic, a deteriorating cosmopolitanism and diversity, widespread consumption of simulations and representations, global distribution of images and information and universal tourism. Therefore, it can be said that cultural globalization is the process where the l ocal cultural aspect of a community disappears in certain rate and substituted with a global culture. On the other hand, economy globalisation includes several aspects such as transnational companies. Transnational companies are companies that operate at a global level without needing to follow a certain nations law and regulation (Bottery, 2006). These companies bring profit to the nation through taxation. These companies possess a huge influence as they are not bound to a countrys law. Transnational companies have power beyond the nations or the states (Jarvis, 1998). Besides, economy globalisation also includes the bigger organisations such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) which provides loan and fund to developing countries. However, it is crucial to highlight here that this economy globalisaton is the setting of other types of globalization (Bottery, 2006). This is because economy is the source of income and the setting of work for people. According to Jones (1998, p. 145), economy globalisation includes freedom of exchange between localities with flows of services and symbo lic commodities, balance of production activity in a locality determined by its physical and geographical advantages, minimal direct foreign investment, flexible responsiveness of organisations to global markets, decentralised, instantaneous and stateless financial markets and free movement of labour. Political globalization looks at the diminishing power of the state where due to globalization, the power is local authority might be weakening. According to Jones (1998 p. 146), political globalisation is portrayed through an absence of state sovereignty and multiple centres of power at global, local and intermediate levels, local issues discussed and situated in relation to a global community, powerful international organisations predominant over national organisations, fluid and multi-centric international relations, a weakening of value attached to the nation-state and a strengthening of common and global political values. Thus, the meaning of being a certain country or nations citizen also gets blurred. The notion of citizen is not as a unified and unifying concept as before when there is certain loss of nation-state sovereignty, or the erosion of national autonomy (Burbules and Torres, 2000, p. 14). The Effect of Globalisation in Education Having looked at the brief categorization of globalization in general, this section will focus on the effect of globalization in education. This section will look at commodification, internationalisation, citizenship and accessibility of knowledge. Commodification is the term used to describe commodification can be seen in two ways, the displacement of use values by exchange values or in general to describe how consumer culture becomes embedded in daily lives through various ways (Ball, 2004, p.4). This consumer culture that is a global phenomenon today has also effected the education sector. Commodification of education is evident from the primary school to the higher education. Many are affected by, especially the parents and the students. Due to the competition for the entrance of an excellent school, parents and the learner will be under a lot of pressure to prepare themselves so they can qualify to this prestigious or high-league table-ranked schools. The society without noticing is drawn to this concept of education commodification due to the societal pressure. Similarly, the teachers and staff in this schools are forced to work hard to maintain the schools league table position so they can maintain the financial support from the government. The demands of competition, the information provided by League Tables, pressures from the state for performance improvement and target-achievement and per-capita funding, in a period of spending constraints, work together to create local economies of student worth where schools compete to recruit those students, most likely to contribute to improvements and performance (Ball, 2004, p. 10). Therefore, in this situation the commodification of education does not really seem to benefitting the learners, or the even parents. This cycle of incentives for performance is not something good as it contradicts with the value of education. .Another effect of globalization is the internationalization of education. Internationalisation is the process of intergrating an international or intercultural dimension into the teaching, research and exercise function of the institution (Knight, 1994, p. 16 cited in Knight, 1999) . Internationalisation is about globalization. Internationalisation happens usually at higher level education. There are many reasons for the internationalisation of the higher education. One of it is the internationalisation will help foreign policy of a country. Through internationalisation, a country will be perceived as welcoming and friendly to the different cultural aspects. In other words, internationalisation will indicate that the country appreciates the various cultures that exist are open to accepting them. On an economic point of view, internationalisation will help attract investment from foreign countries to a country. This will boost the countrys economy through the investments (Knight, 199 9). By internationalisation, the quality of teaching and learning process could be improved. This is because internationalisation encourages acceptance of various culture and integrates this in the teaching and learning process. The students will be exposed to various source of knowledge about the world. This knowledge of the world will help the learners to understand and make sense the difference and similarities people around the world have from one culture to another. Besides, internationalisation will also en courage partnership between various universities around the world. This is because through internationalization, one common medium of interaction will be chosen between the cooperating universities, which will likely to be English. Having a common language and some similarities will further encourage cooperation work between universities from different countries. Citizenship Another effect of globalization in education is that the accessibility of knowledge. Through the internet, many different kind of knowledge are readily accessible on the internet (Robertson, 1992). This means the acquisition of knowledge by students are much faster since there they have wide range of knowledge available for them. This would help students and teachers in their learning process. This rapidly growing information on the net could facilitate learning process by providing references and validating certain concepts that the learners are confused or unable to comprehend. Besides, the teachers and learners can build a network system through the net where they can talk and communicate with teachers and students from any part of the world through the internet. This would help teachers and learners to create a global view of education n based on their communication with people from around the world. However, this might also be a problem for the students since with the huge amoun t of information available on the net, the reliability of some of the information is sometimes questionable. Therefore, it is important for the learners to be able to distinguish between reliable and unreliabale information. Besides, it is also important for them to be able to choose and pick which information that is suitable for them. The downside of this body of knowledge available on the internet is that it cannot be accessed by people in certain parts of the world where the communication technology is not at par with the latest communication technology (Burbules, 2000). This in a way widens the gap between the education progress in a developed country with a well-equipped information technology facilities and the education progress in a developing country with poor information technology facilities. In a less progressed country where it is already a struggle to maintain teaching and learning process, the people will not know what they have missed by the lack of facilities. Another aspect of the manifestation of the accessibility information is the distance learning (Foley, 2003). Distance learning is the teaching and learning process which does not happen in a physical classroom, but instead happens in a virtual classroom. This distance learning was already available before the existence of the internet through the use of post. However, the invention of the internet has taken distance learning into a whole new level. Distance education has enabled more people to gain access to education through the many different types of online courses offered by universities and other online course providers. One of the benefits of this distance learning is that the learning process can be done in learners own time, without any peer pressure form classmates. However, the drawback of distance learning is that the reduced or loss of the human touch in the learning and teaching process. Human touch in the form of communication with one another is important in learning. Implications to Teaching and Learning Process in a Malaysian Secondary Classroom. Having discussed the impact of globalization in education on a global level, tis section will try to relate back the impact of globalization in education in a Malaysian context, specifically in a Malaysian secondary classroom. Malaysian secondary classroom consist of students for the age of thirteen to seventeen. These students come from various backgrounds. First and foremost, one of the main implications the effect of globalization in a Malaysian context is the teachers and students should be aware of the effect of globalization in education to the Malaysian education system and also to the global education policy and reforms. Here, the teacher training college plays a crucial part in incorporating the effect of globalization in education to the teacher trainees. This is so that future teachers will be aware of the effects of globalization and then try to inform the students and then create awareness in the students. Besides, it also a teachers responsibility to make the learners aware of the multi dimension of globalization that exist beyond Malaysia. This will help the learners to be able develop critical thinking based on their awareness of the world around them. Futhermore, the appreciation of unique multicultural society that exists around the world, not only in Malaysia should be made known to the learners. On a similar note, as an future educator, it is important to realise that a teaching method or education policy that is a sucess not necessarily u can take everything and put it into another context. Think about the context in which a teacher is teaching so that it is relevant to the students and context. Another implication that can be drawn from the discussion above is that it is important to realize that the abundance of information and knowledge available on the internet comes with a price as well. The implication of these to the Malaysian education especially in a secondary classroom is that the learners should be equipped with the necessary skill to filter the knowledge and than distinguish between facts and non-facts. In order to do this, the teachers should give some exposure of this kind of activity in the classroom. This will help learners, the secondary school students to be able to pick and choose the fact from the rest. Besides, it is also important to be able to pick the information which is useful for the individual rather than using all the information available. Distance learning CONCLUSION 100